principal adj. 1.主要的,首要的,最重要的;第一的。 2.领头的;负责人的,首长的。 3.资本的,本金的,作为本钱的。 the principal actor 主要演员,主角。 the principal boy [girl] (哑剧中)扮演男[女]主角的女演员。 the principal offender 【法律】主犯。 the principal sum 资本,本金,本钱。 principal operations 主力战。 principal clause 【语法】(复合句中的)主句。 principal order 【化学】主序模。 principal parts 【语法】(动词的)主要变化形式〔现在、过去式及过去分词〕。 principal sentence 【语法】主句 (=principal clause)。 principal tone 【音乐】主音。 n. 1.长;长官;首长;负责人;校长;社长;会长。 2.主动者;决斗的本人 (opp. second) 主要演员,主角;【法律】主犯;本人;(经纪人、代理人、受委托人所代表的)委托人 (opp. agent, surety)。 3.【商业】资本,本金 (opp. interest, dividend) 基本财产 (opp. income)。 4.【建筑】(主要)屋架;主构,主材。 5.【音乐】主音栓;(音乐会的)主奏者,独奏者,独唱者,主演者。 6.(艺术作品的)主题;特征。 a lady principal 女校长。 I must consult my principal. 我必须同委托人商量。 principal and interest 本利。 a principal in the first degree 主[从]犯。
maximum n. (pl. maximums, -ma ) 极点,最大,最高,最高额,最大值;最高点;最大限度;【数学】极大(值)(opp. minimum)。 The excitement was at its maximum. 兴奋到极点。 adj. 最大的,最高的,顶点的,最多的。 maximum draught [draft] 【航海】最大吃水深度。 maximum obscuration 【天文学】蚀甚。 a maximum range 最大射程。 a maximum thermometer 最高温度计。
Deduction of failure criterion for geomaterials based on maximum principal shear strain 岩土材料最大主剪应变破坏准则的推导
In the middle of tunnel , maximum principal stress at horizontal is bigger than that at vertical , the magnitude is 17 ~ 23mpa , which formed the high stress site 隧道中部大埋深地段,最大水平主应力一般都大于垂直主应力。量级在17 23mpa左右,属于高应力地段。
( 6 ) the principal stress direction arised deflexion obviously after excavation , the maximum principal stress paralled to opening , minimum principal stress vertical to sidewall or vault ( 6 )数值模拟研究表明,隧道开挖后,主应力方向发生明显偏转,最大主应力与开挖临空面平行,最小主应力近于垂直。
Taking protective measures can obviously reduce the face slab ' s surface temperature drop - out range and the maximum principal stress amplification caused by temperature sudden drop , and the stronger protective measures are , the more obvious reduced effect is 采取保护措施,可以明显削减气温骤降所产生的面板降温幅度及最大主应力增幅,保护措施越强其削减效果越明显。
A bearing surface transmits the interaction between an arch dam and its foundation , the strength of which directly affects the constraint of the bedrock to the dam , and thus affects the stress and deformation of the dam . the influence is studied in this paper with nonlinear finite element method , as an example , for a high arch dam in design . the results show that the influence on stress is only limited within the local area near the bearing surface , larger on the maximum principal tensile stress than on the principal compression stress , and the decrease of the strength does not cause unlimited increase of the maximum stress . the influence on the displacement of the top of the dam is smaller than that of the bottom of the dam , especially the relative downstream displacement . at the lower strength of the bearing surface , the relative downstream displacement at the bottom of the dam increases with the decrease of the strength 建基面是传递拱坝和基岩相互作用的纽带,它的强度直接影响基岩对坝体的约束,从而影响坝体的应力和变形.采用非线性有限单元法,以设计中的某高拱坝为例,分析建基面强度对坝体应力和变形的影响.结果表明建基面强度对坝体应力的影响仅限于建基面附近的局部范围,对最大主拉应力的影响要大于对最大主压应力的影响,建基面强度的降低不会无限地增大坝体的应力数值;建基面强度对坝顶位移的影响较小,但对坝底位移(尤其是顺河向相对位移)的影响较大,当建基面强度较低时,坝底顺河向相对位移随建基面强度的降低而增大
Research shows that four factors have great influence on the formation of complex rock mass . first , rock mass subjected six times of tectonic movement during long period of geo - history , each tectonic movement produced fractures and associated joints corresponding to the orientation of maximum principal stress and deteriorated the properties of fractures formed at former period ( s ) . second , down - cutting of langcangjiang river produced unloading fractures 采用了四种岩体质量分级评价方案对研究区岩体质量进行了研究,这四种方案包括:工程岩体分级标准( gb50218 - 94 ) 、水利水电围岩工程地质分类( gb50267 ? 99 ) 、岩体rmr分类( bieniawski , 1973 ) 、岩体质量指数z分级(小湾, 1995 ) 。
The surface of natural fracture ( crack ) is parallel to the orientation of maximum principal stress . the principle orientation of anisotropic permeability reservoirs agrees with the orientation of the maximum principle stress . many engineering problems ( e . g . bore - hole stability , casing deformation failure during drilling , reasonable arrangement of wells , the optimum design of hydraulic fracture and so on ) are influenced by the in - situ stress orientation 天然裂缝面和裂隙面与最大主应力方向平行;在各向异性低渗透率油田中主渗透率方向与最大水平主应力方向趋向一致:在钻井过程中井壁稳定性,套管变形和损坏,油田开发井网合理布置、水力压裂优化设计等都与地应力方向有关。